儿童牙科治疗行为表现及治疗方法

目的：探讨门诊不同年龄组牙病患儿行为表现及治疗方法的差异以便导临床工作。方法：对994名1－12岁牙病患儿按不同年龄分组，根据其行为表现采取相应治疗方法，并通过剖析患儿，家长，医护人员在牙科治疗中的三角关系得出儿童牙病顺利治疗的影响因素。结果：患儿在接受治疗时，其行为表现有较大的年龄差异。婴儿期以不合作型居多，学龄期以合作型居多，学前期居中，对接受治疗的儿童所采取的方法之不同也有明显的年龄差异。婴儿期以强制法为主；学前期以常规法为主，但诱导法及威吓法是治疗不合作患儿的主要手段，学龄期以常规法为主，对不合作患儿多采用诱导法，威吓法及强制法很少应用。在治疗时婴儿期患儿多需家长陪伴，学前期及学龄期患儿可独立完成治疗。结论：年龄是决定患儿临床行为表现及采用何种治疗方法的重要因素。治疗程序链有闪指导临床工作。     

下颌骨延长术后牵张器拆除时机的实验研究

目的 :研究家兔下颌骨延长术后新生骨回缩情况 ,确定牵张器的拆除时机。方法 :成年家兔 16只 ,体重 2 .4～ 2 .6kg ,随机等分为 4组 ,每组 4只 ;行双侧下颌骨骨切开术 ,采用内置式牵张器对双侧下颌骨同时进行牵引。延迟期 :7d ;牵张期 :10d ;牵引速率 0 .5mm/次 ,2次 /d ;保持期分别为 2周、4周、8周、12周。保持期后行第二次手术取出牵张器 ,并同时植入钛钉为参照 ,判断下颌骨改建后新成骨有无缩短 ,观察期为 8周。结果 :保持期为 2周、4周组的实验动物新生骨在 8周后明显回缩 ,分别为 2 .1± 1.2mm、1.4± 1.3mm ;而保持期 8周、12周组 ,8周后新生骨未见明显回缩。结论 :兔下颌骨牵张延长术后 ,牵张器应在保持期 8周拆除 ;拆除过早 ,新生骨区产生明显回缩。     

X线头影测量人工定点的准确性研究

目的 评价X线头影测量分析中人工定点的准确性。方法 10名口腔正畸医师对同一张X线头颅定位侧位片的29个标志点进行定位获得的数据，与对照值进行对比以衡量定点误差的大小。结果 S,Ar,U1,L1的平均误差小于1.0mm，它们均为影像轮廓清晰且容易判定的标志点；Po,Mes,Co,Gs的平均误差大于4.0mm，这些标志点均为图像轮廓的最突点。结论 人工识别时，28％的标志点存在显著差异，存在显著差异的标志点主要是某一图象轮廓的最突点。     

6 000 年前成人第三磨牙的研究

目的:观察距今约6 000年前成人第三磨牙的位置情况。方法:研究了200个半坡博物馆内保存的新石器时代人颌骨标本,第三磨牙共383颗(上颌187颗,下颌196颗),观察第三磨牙的萌出情况。第三磨牙未萌出者经X线片证实,按有无第三磨牙牙胚,将其分别归为埋伏阻生组或先天缺失组。结果:上颌第三磨牙先天缺失率为26.74%,下颌第三磨牙先天缺失率为17.35%。上颌第三磨牙阻生率为2.67%,下颌第三磨牙阻生率为14.79%。结论:现代人第三磨牙阻生率与先天缺失率均较新石器时代成人高,人类第三磨牙阻生与先天缺失是伴随整个人类进化而发生的咀嚼器官退化现象的一部分。     

SingHealth Radiology Archives pictorial essay Part 2: gastroenterology,musculoskeletal, and obstetrics and gynaecology cases

The Singapore Health Services cluster (SingHealth) radiology film archives are a valuable repository of local radiological cases dating back to the 1950s. Some of the cases in the archives are of historical medical interest, i.e. cerebral angiography in the workup of patients with hemiplegia. Other cases are of historical social interest, being conditions seen during earlier stages of Singapore’s development, i.e. bound feet. The archives form a unique portal into the development of local radiology as well as the national development of Singapore. A selection from the archives is published in commemoration of the International Day of Radiology in 2020, as well as the 200th anniversary of the Singapore General Hospital in 2021. This pictorial essay comprises gastroenterology, musculoskeletal and obstetrics and gynaecology cases from the archives.     

MIR17HG基因多态与食管鳞癌发病风险的关联研究

目的 探讨miR-17-92基因簇宿主基因(microRNA 17-92 cluster host gene,MIR17HG)单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)与食管鳞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC)发病风险的关联.方法 选取2014年10月至2018年12月河南省林州市肿瘤医院确诊的437例ESCC患者为病例组,选取同期在当地医院参加筛查项目的490名健康者为对照组.采用MassArray时间飞行质谱生物芯片检测MIR17HG区域中SNPs位点(rs17735387、rs4284505、rs9589207和rs72631821)基因型,并对各位点与ESCC发病风险进行关联分析.结果 rs4284505(A/G)与ESCC发病风险相关.经多因素校正后,与rs4284505AA基因型携带者相比,AG基因型携带者发生ESCC风险增加(调整OR= 1.548,95％CI:1.085～2.210,P = 0.016);显性模型提示rs4284505AG/GG基因型携带者罹患ESCC的风险是AA基因型携带者的1.465倍(95％CI:1.040～2.065,P = 0.029).分层分析显示,在男性及吸烟亚组中,rs4284505AG基因型相比于AA基因型增加ESCC的发病风险.交互作用分析表明,与rs4284505AA基因型且不吸烟者相比,AG基因型且吸烟者更易患 ESCC(OR = 4.218,95％CI:2.135～8.333,P＜0.001).结论 MIR17HG 区域的 SNP位点 rs4284505与 ESCC发病风险相关,其突变型G等位基因携带者罹患ESCC的风险高于野生型A等位基因携带者.     

Malnutrition in Relation with Dietary,Geographical, and Socioeconomic Factors among Older Chinese

Objective Nutrition is closely related to the health of the elderly population. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of the nutrition status of elderly Chinese and its related dietary, geographical, and socioeconomic factors. Methods A total of 13,987 ≥ 60-year-old persons from the 2010–2013 Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey were included to evaluate various aspects of malnutrition, including underweight, overweight or obesity, and micronutrient inadequacy. Results Overall, the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight was 12.4％, 34.8％, and 5.7％, respectively, with disparities both geographically and socioeconomically. The prevalence of underweight was higher among the older old (≥ 75 years), rural residents and those with low income, with low education status, and residing in undeveloped West areas. More than 75％ of the elderly do not meet the Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamins A, B1, B2, and E, folate, calcium, selenium, potassium, biotin, and choline, with the prevalence of inadequate intake increasing with age for most nutrients. At the population level, the mean intakes of numerous food groups did not meet the recommendations by the Chinese Dietary Guideline. Conclusions Obesity epidemic, inadequacy of micronutrient intake, and high prevalence of underweight and anemia in susceptible older people are the major nutrition challenges for the rapidly aging population in China.     

幼羊颅骨缺损修复中LncRNA的差异性表达及作用

目的 探讨长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)基因在幼羊颅骨缺损修复的差异性表达及改善颅骨缺损的作用.方法 将12只1月龄的小尾寒羊分成2组:原生骨组织组、新生骨组织组,每组6只.通过高通量测序检测两组骨组织内LncRNA的表达变化,通过Real-time PCR验证测序LncRNA表达量的变化.ELISA法检测血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和钙调蛋白(OCN);Western blot检测Wnt/β-catenin的蛋白表达水平.结果 与原生骨组织组相比,新生骨组织中Ln-cRNA ODSM、LncRNA UCA1表达上调,LncRNA H19、Ln-cRNA MEG3的表达下调;新生骨组织组幼羊血清中ALP、OCN的含量升高;新生骨内的Wnt/β蛋白的表达升高.结论 LncRNA ODSM、UCA1可能调控Wnt/β信号通路参与缺损部位颅骨组织的修复.     

模型转化法建立磨牙及其牙周组织的三维有限元模型

目的建立下颌第二恒磨牙及其牙周膜、牙槽骨的分析用模型。方法应用CAE软件3D MAX6.0及CATIA4.0生成磨牙及其牙周组织的三维有限元模型,利用HYPERMESH划分网格,生成可分析的三维有限元实体模型。结果建立了下颌第二恒磨牙及其牙周膜、牙槽骨的三维有限元模型,可以分别进行受力状态下应力、应变的分析。结论该模型可供口腔正畸矫治中磨牙的受力分析应用。     

Ion transfer reactions in media of low ionic strength

Facilitated ion transfer (FIT) and simple ion transfer (IT) reactions at the water|1,2-dichloroethane (W|DCE) interface with media of low ionic strength are investigated by employing micro- and nano-pipettes. The model systems chosen for the FIT and IT are K⁺ transfer facilitated by dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) and tetramethylammonium (TMA⁺), respectively. For the FIT reaction at micro- and submicro-liquid|liquid interfaces, when the supporting electrolyte concentrations in the organic phase are at micromolar levels, its voltammetric waves are analyzed by the theory for one-electron oxidation of uncharged species in organic solution with little added supporting electrolyte on solid ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) proposed by Oldham [K.B. Oldham, J. Electroanal. Chem. 250 (1988) 1]. Its chronoamperograms are strongly affected by the externally applied potentials, which is consistent with the theory proposed by Stojek and co-workers [A. Jaworski, M. Donten, Z. Stojek, Anal. Chim. Acta 305 (1995) 106, A. Jaworski, M. Donten, Z. Stojek, J. Electroanal. Chem. 407 (1996) 75, W. Hyk, M. Palys, Z. Stojek, J. Electroanal. Chem. 415 (1996) 13, W. Hyk, Z. Stojek, J. Electroanal. Chem. 422 (1997) 179] for reactions at solid UMEs with different concentrations of supporting electrolyte. In addition, the FIT reaction can exhibit well-defined steady-state waves at the nano-liquid|liquid interface when no supporting electrolyte is added to the organic phase. For the TMA⁺ transfer reaction from the aqueous phase to DCE (or from DCE to the aqueous phase), the magnitude of its steady-state limiting current depends on the concentration of supporting electrolyte in the same phase, and the shape and position of its transfer waves are influenced by the supporting electrolyte concentrations in the adjacent phase. We can observe clearly the migration effect on the transfer reaction of charged species.